Biosphere Evolution, Transitions and Resilience (BETR) involves three consortia, each of which covers a key biosphere transition in Earth history. The three projects are as below.

Proterozoic-Phanerozoic Transition

Perturbation of the Earth System at the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition and the resilience of the biosphere

Permo-Triassic Transition

Ecosystem resilience and recovery from the Permo-Triassic crisis

Paleogene and early Neogene Transition

The evolution of vegetation and biodiversity change during the Paleogene and early Neogen
(The header images are from Alex Farnsworth and Ying Zhou.)